This is the challenge of explaining how non-physical mental events can be related to and interact with the physical body.
Substance Dualism’s take =
Descartes sees the unity of mind and bodies as a sort of solution to the Problem-of-Mind-Body-interaction. He treats the mind and body together as a composite thing, so much so that we can legitimately talk of them as being one thing.
Link to original
Modern science assumes that everything in the physical world can be explained by physical laws; no scientific laws refer to non-physical / mental causes. Descartes-substance-Dualism leads to a conflict with physical science: if the mind has no physical properties, how could it cause physical changes in the body? Descartes-substance-Dualism violates and is incompatible with the idea that universe operates according to consistent, lawful, physical principles. Because of this, Armstrong-materialist-view-of-the-mind and Mind-Brain-Identity-theory finds an alternative explanation of what minds are based on a scientific approach.
Property Dualism take =
Transclude of Jackson-what-Mary-didn't-know#property-dualism-epiphenomenalism-and-the-problem-of-mind-body-interaction-interaction-problem